Germany offers two primary types of health insurance for students: statutory (public) health insurance (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung or GKV) and private health insurance (Private Krankenversicherung or PKV). Here’s a detailed look at both options:
### 1. **Statutory Health Insurance (GKV)**
#### Overview:
Statutory health insurance is mandatory for most students in Germany, especially those under the age of 30 or in their first 14 semesters of study. It is provided by public health insurance companies.
#### Key Providers:
– **AOK**
– **Techniker Krankenkasse (TK)**
– **Barmer**
– **DAK-Gesundheit**
#### Coverage:
– **Doctor Visits**: General practitioners and specialists
– **Hospital Stays**: In-patient treatment, surgeries, and post-operative care
– **Preventive Care**: Vaccinations, screenings, and check-ups
– **Prescription Drugs**: Medications prescribed by doctors
– **Mental Health Services**: Psychotherapy and psychiatric care
– **Dental Care**: Routine check-ups, basic dental treatments, and some orthodontic services
#### Costs:
– **Monthly Premium**: Approximately €110-€120 for students
– **Additional Fees**: Co-payments for prescriptions, hospital stays, and specific services
### 2. **Private Health Insurance (PKV)**
#### Overview:
Private health insurance is an option for students who meet specific criteria, such as being over 30 years old, having been in university for more than 14 semesters, or being enrolled in certain private universities. International students from non-EU countries can also choose private insurance if they do not qualify for GKV.
#### Key Providers:
– **Allianz**
– **MAWISTA**
– **AXA**
– **HanseMerkur**
#### Coverage:
– **Comprehensive Care**: Similar to GKV, but often with additional benefits and faster access to services
– **Specialist Treatment**: More options for specialized treatments and private hospital rooms
– **Global Coverage**: Often includes coverage for medical treatments abroad
– **Tailored Plans**: Customizable based on individual needs
#### Costs:
– **Monthly Premium**: Varies widely based on age, health status, and coverage level (typically higher than GKV)
– **Deductibles**: May apply, reducing monthly premiums but requiring out-of-pocket payments for services up to a certain amount
### Comparison of GKV and PKV
| Feature | Statutory Health Insurance (GKV) | Private Health Insurance (PKV) |
|—————————–|—————————————-|——————————————–|
| **Eligibility** | Mandatory for most students under 30 | Optional for specific groups and older students |
| **Cost** | ~€110-€120/month | Varies based on coverage and personal factors |
| **Coverage** | Comprehensive, standardized benefits | Comprehensive, often with additional benefits |
| **Doctor Visits** | Covered, with extensive networks | Covered, often faster access and more choices |
| **Hospital Stays** | Covered, standard hospital wards | Covered, private rooms and additional comforts |
| **Prescription Drugs** | Covered, co-payments required | Covered, often with lower co-payments |
| **Mental Health Services** | Covered | Covered, often more extensive options |
| **Dental Care** | Basic coverage | More extensive coverage available |
| **Flexibility** | Standardized plans | Customizable plans |
### Key Considerations for Students
– **Age and Duration of Study**: GKV is generally more suitable for younger students and those in the early stages of their studies.
– **Cost**: GKV offers standardized, often more affordable premiums, while PKV can vary widely based on individual circumstances.
– **Coverage Needs**: Students with specific health needs or preferences for private healthcare may find PKV more appealing.
– **Long-Term Plans**: Students planning to stay in Germany long-term may prefer GKV, as switching from PKV to GKV later can be difficult.
### Enrollment Process
#### Statutory Health Insurance (GKV):
1. **Choose a Provider**: Select a public health insurance provider (e.g., AOK, TK).
2. **Submit Application**: Complete and submit the enrollment form, providing necessary documentation (e.g., university enrollment certificate).
3. **Receive Insurance Card**: Once approved, you’ll receive an insurance card to access healthcare services.
#### Private Health Insurance (PKV):
1. **Compare Plans**: Research and compare plans from various private insurers.
2. **Apply for Coverage**: Complete the application process, which may include health questionnaires.
3. **Receive Confirmation**: Upon approval, you’ll receive confirmation and an insurance card for accessing services.
### Conclusion
Choosing the right health insurance plan in Germany depends on individual circumstances, including age, study duration, and specific health needs. Statutory health insurance offers comprehensive and affordable coverage for most students, while private health insurance provides additional flexibility and benefits for those who qualify. Understanding the differences and evaluating personal requirements can help students make an informed decision.
